// Copyright (c) 2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013 Tel-Aviv University (Israel).
// All rights reserved.
//
// This file is part of CGAL (www.cgal.org).
//
// $URL: https://github.com/CGAL/cgal/blob/v6.1.1/Arrangement_on_surface_2/include/CGAL/Arr_unb_planar_topology_traits_2.h $
// $Id: include/CGAL/Arr_unb_planar_topology_traits_2.h 08b27d3db14 $
// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later OR LicenseRef-Commercial
//
// Author(s): Ron Wein   <wein@post.tau.ac.il>
//            Efi Fogel  <efif@post.tau.ac.il>

#ifndef CGAL_ARR_UNB_PLANAR_TOPOLOGY_TRAITS_2_H
#define CGAL_ARR_UNB_PLANAR_TOPOLOGY_TRAITS_2_H

#include <CGAL/license/Arrangement_on_surface_2.h>

#include <CGAL/disable_warnings.h>

/*! \file
 *
 * Definition of the Arr_unb_planar_topology_traits_2<GeomTraits> class.
 */

#include <CGAL/Arr_tags.h>
#include <CGAL/Arr_default_dcel.h>
#include <CGAL/Arr_topology_traits/Arr_planar_topology_traits_base_2.h>
#include <CGAL/Arr_topology_traits/Arr_unb_planar_construction_helper.h>
#include <CGAL/Arr_topology_traits/Arr_unb_planar_insertion_helper.h>
#include <CGAL/Arr_topology_traits/Arr_unb_planar_overlay_helper.h>
#include <CGAL/Arr_topology_traits/Arr_unb_planar_batched_pl_helper.h>
#include <CGAL/Arr_topology_traits/Arr_unb_planar_vert_decomp_helper.h>
#include <CGAL/Arr_topology_traits/Arr_inc_insertion_zone_visitor.h>
#include <CGAL/assertions.h>

namespace CGAL {

// Forward declaration:
template <typename GeometryTraits_2, typename TopTraits_>
class Arrangement_on_surface_2;

/*! \class Arr_unb_planar_topology_traits_2
 *
 * A topology-traits class that encapsulates the embedding of 2D arrangements
 * of unbounded curves on the plane.
 */
template <typename GeometryTraits_2,
          typename Dcel_ = Arr_default_dcel<GeometryTraits_2> >
class Arr_unb_planar_topology_traits_2 :
  public Arr_planar_topology_traits_base_2<GeometryTraits_2, Dcel_>
{
public:
  typedef GeometryTraits_2                              Geometry_traits_2;
  typedef Dcel_                                         Dcel;

private:
  typedef Geometry_traits_2                             Gt2;
  typedef Arr_planar_topology_traits_base_2<Gt2, Dcel_> Base;

public:
  ///! \name The geometry-traits types.
  //@{
  typedef typename Base::Point_2                         Point_2;
  typedef typename Base::X_monotone_curve_2              X_monotone_curve_2;
  //@}

  ///! \name The DCEL types.
  //@{
  typedef typename Base::Size                            Size;
  typedef typename Base::Vertex                          Vertex;
  typedef typename Base::Halfedge                        Halfedge;
  typedef typename Base::Face                            Face;
  typedef typename Base::Outer_ccb                       Outer_ccb;
  typedef typename Base::Inner_ccb                       Inner_ccb;
  typedef typename Base::Isolated_vertex                 Isolated_vertex;
  //@}

  //! \name Arrangement types
  //!@{
  typedef Arr_unb_planar_topology_traits_2<Gt2, Dcel>   Self;
  typedef Arr_traits_basic_adaptor_2<Gt2>               Gt_adaptor_2;
  //!@}

  ///! \name The side tags
  //@{
  typedef typename Gt_adaptor_2::Left_side_category   Left_side_category;
  typedef typename Gt_adaptor_2::Bottom_side_category Bottom_side_category;
  typedef typename Gt_adaptor_2::Top_side_category    Top_side_category;
  typedef typename Gt_adaptor_2::Right_side_category  Right_side_category;

  static_assert(std::is_same< Left_side_category, Arr_oblivious_side_tag >::value ||
                         std::is_same< Left_side_category, Arr_open_side_tag >::value);
  static_assert(std::is_same< Bottom_side_category, Arr_oblivious_side_tag >::value ||
                         std::is_same< Bottom_side_category, Arr_open_side_tag >::value);
  static_assert(std::is_same< Top_side_category, Arr_oblivious_side_tag>::value ||
                         std::is_same< Top_side_category, Arr_open_side_tag >::value);
  static_assert(std::is_same< Right_side_category, Arr_oblivious_side_tag >::value ||
                         std::is_same< Right_side_category, Arr_open_side_tag >::value);
  //@}

  /*! \struct
   * An auxiliary structure for rebinding the topology traits with a new
   * geometry-traits class and a new DCEL class.
   */
  template <typename T, typename D>
  struct rebind {
    typedef Arr_unb_planar_topology_traits_2<T, D> other;
  };

protected:
  // Data members:
  Vertex* v_bl;         // A fictitious vertex at (-oo,-oo).
  Vertex* v_tl;         // A fictitious vertex at (-oo,+oo).
  Vertex* v_br;         // A fictitious vertex at (-oo,+oo).
  Vertex* v_tr;         // A fictitious vertex at (+oo,+oo).
  Size n_inf_verts;     // Number of vertices at infinity.
  Face* fict_face;      // The fictitious DCEL face.

  // Copy constructor and assignment operator - not supported.
  Arr_unb_planar_topology_traits_2(const Self&);
  Self& operator=(const Self&);

public:
  ///! \name Construction methods.
  //@{

  /*! constructs Default. */
  Arr_unb_planar_topology_traits_2();

  /*! constructs with a geometry-traits class. */
  Arr_unb_planar_topology_traits_2(const Gt2* tr);

  /*! assigns the contents of another topology-traits class. */
  void assign(const Self& other);
  //@}

  ///! \name Accessing the DCEL and constructing iterators.
  //@{

  /*! determines whether the DCEL reprsenets an empty structure. */
  bool is_empty_dcel() const
  {
    // An empty arrangement contains just two four vertices at infinity
    // and eight fictitious halfedges connecting them.
    return (this->m_dcel.size_of_vertices() == 4 &&
            this->m_dcel.size_of_halfedges() == 8);
  }

  /*! checks whether the given vertex is concrete (associated with a point). */
  bool is_concrete_vertex(const Vertex* v) const
  { return (! v->has_null_point()); }

  /*! obtains the number of concrete vertices.
   * \return All vertices not lying at infinity are concrete.
   */
  Size number_of_concrete_vertices() const
  { return (this->m_dcel.size_of_vertices() - n_inf_verts); }

  /*! checks if the given vertex is valid (not a fictitious one). */
  bool is_valid_vertex(const Vertex* v) const
  {
    return (! v->has_null_point() ||
            ((v != v_bl) && (v != v_tl) && (v != v_br) && (v != v_tr)));
  }

  /*! obtains the number of valid vertices.
   * \return All vertices, except the four fictitious one, are valid.
   */
  Size number_of_valid_vertices() const
  { return (this->m_dcel.size_of_vertices() - 4); }

  /*! checks whether the given halfedge is valid (not a fictitious one). */
  bool is_valid_halfedge(const Halfedge* he) const
  { return (! he->has_null_curve()); }

  /*! obtains the number of valid halfedges.
   * \return the number of valid halfedges, not including fictitious halfedges.
   * Note that each vertex at infinity induces two fictitious halfedges
   */
  Size number_of_valid_halfedges() const
  { return (this->m_dcel.size_of_halfedges() - 2*n_inf_verts); }

  /*! checks whether the given face is valid (not a fictitious one). */
  bool is_valid_face (const Face* f) const { return (! f->is_fictitious()); }

  /*! obtains the number of valid faces.
   * \return the number of valid faces, not including ficitious DCEL faces.
   */
  Size number_of_valid_faces() const
  { return (this->m_dcel.size_of_faces() - 1); }
  //@}

private:
  /// \name Auxiliary type definitions.
  //@{
  typedef Arrangement_on_surface_2<Gt2, Self>                   Arr;

public:
  // The following definitions of helper functions use a C++11 features called
  // alias template. This feature can be mimiked by non C++11 support simply by
  // defining a type that inherits from the template we need to alias.  However,
  // the non-C++11 code requires the (re)definition of all constructors of the
  // derived class.
  // Type definition for the construction surface-sweep visitor.
  template <typename Evt, typename Crv>
  using Construction_helper =
    Arr_unb_planar_construction_helper<Gt2, Arr, Evt, Crv>;

  // Type definition for the no-intersection construction surface-sweep visitor.
  template <typename Evt, typename Crv>
  using No_intersection_construction_helper =
    Arr_unb_planar_construction_helper<Gt2, Arr, Evt, Crv>;

  // Type definition for the insertion surface-sweep visitor.
  typedef Arr_insertion_traits_2<Gt2, Arr>                      I_traits;
  template <typename Evt, typename Crv>
  using Insertion_helper =
    Arr_unb_planar_insertion_helper<I_traits, Arr, Evt, Crv>;

  // Type definition for the no-intersection insertion surface-sweep visitor.
  typedef Arr_basic_insertion_traits_2<Gt2, Arr>                Nxi_traits;
  template <typename Evt, typename Crv>
  using No_intersection_insertion_helper =
    Arr_unb_planar_insertion_helper<Nxi_traits, Arr, Evt, Crv>;

  // Type definition for the batched point-location surface-sweep visitor.
  typedef Arr_batched_point_location_traits_2<Arr>              Bpl_traits;
  template <typename Evt, typename Crv>
  using Batched_point_location_helper =
    Arr_unb_planar_batched_pl_helper<Bpl_traits, Arr, Evt, Crv>;

  // Type definition for the vertical decomposition surface-sweep visitor.
  typedef Arr_batched_point_location_traits_2<Arr>              Vd_traits;
  template <typename Evt, typename Crv>
  using Vertical_decomposition_helper =
    Arr_unb_planar_vert_decomp_helper<Vd_traits, Arr, Evt, Crv>;

  // Type definition for the overlay surface-sweep visitor.
  template <typename Gt, typename Evt, typename Crv,
            typename ArrA, typename ArrB>
  using Overlay_helper =
    Arr_unb_planar_overlay_helper<Gt, ArrA, ArrB, Arr, Evt, Crv>;
  //@}

public:
  ///! \name Visitor types.
  //@{

  typedef Arr_inc_insertion_zone_visitor<Arr>
    Zone_insertion_visitor;

  typedef Arr_walk_along_line_point_location<Arr>
    Default_point_location_strategy;

  typedef Arr_walk_along_line_point_location<Arr>
    Default_vertical_ray_shooting_strategy;
  //@}

  ///! \name Topology-traits methods.
  //@{

  /*! initializes an empty DCEL structure.
   */
  void init_dcel();

  /*! makes the necessary updates after the DCEL structure have been updated.
   */
  void dcel_updated();

  /*! checks if the given vertex is associated with the given curve end.
   * \param v The vertex.
   * \param cv The x-monotone curve.
   * \param ind The curve end.
   * \param ps_x The boundary condition of the curve end in x.
   * \param ps_y The boundary condition of the curve end in y.
   * \pre The curve has a boundary condition in either x or y.
   * \return Whether v represents the given curve end.
   */
  bool are_equal(const Vertex* v,
                 const X_monotone_curve_2& cv, Arr_curve_end ind,
                 Arr_parameter_space ps_x, Arr_parameter_space ps_y) const;

  /*! givens a curve end with boundary conditions and a face that contains the
   * interior of the curve, finds a place for a boundary vertex that will
   * represent the curve end along the face boundary.
   * \param f The face.
   * \param cv The x-monotone curve.
   * \param ind The curve end.
   * \param ps_x The boundary condition of the curve end in x.
   * \param ps_y The boundary condition of the curve end in y.
   * \pre The curve has a boundary condition in either x or y.
   * \return An object that contains the curve end.
   *         In our case this object always wraps a fictitious edge.
   */
  std::optional<std::variant<Vertex*, Halfedge*> >
  place_boundary_vertex(Face* f,
                        const X_monotone_curve_2& cv,
                        Arr_curve_end ind,
                        Arr_parameter_space ps_x,
                        Arr_parameter_space ps_y);

  /*! locates the predecessor halfedge for the given curve around a given
   * vertex with boundary conditions.
   * \param v The vertex.
   * \param cv The x-monotone curve.
   * \param ind The curve end.
   * \param ps_x The boundary condition of the curve end in x.
   * \param ps_y The boundary condition of the curve end in y.
   * \pre The curve has a boundary condition in either x or y, and should be
   *      incident to the vertex v.
   * \return An object that contains the curve end.
   */
  Halfedge*
  locate_around_boundary_vertex(Vertex* /* v */,
                                const X_monotone_curve_2& /* cv */,
                                Arr_curve_end /* ind */,
                                Arr_parameter_space /* ps_x */,
                                Arr_parameter_space /* ps_y */) const
  {
    CGAL_error();
    return (nullptr);
  }

  /*! locates a DCEL feature that contains the given unbounded curve end.
   * \param cv The x-monotone curve.
   * \param ind The curve end.
   * \param ps_x The boundary condition of the curve end in x.
   * \param ps_y The boundary condition of the curve end in y.
   * \pre The curve end is unbounded in either x or y.
   * \return An object that contains the curve end.
   *         In our case this object may either wrap an unbounded face,
   *         or an edge with an end-vertex at infinity (in case of an overlap).
   */
  std::variant<Vertex*, Halfedge*, Face*>
  locate_curve_end(const X_monotone_curve_2& cv,
                   Arr_curve_end ind,
                   Arr_parameter_space ps_x,
                   Arr_parameter_space ps_y);

  /*! splits a fictitious edge using the given vertex.
   * \param e The edge to split (one of the pair of halfedges).
   * \param v The split vertex.
   * \pre e is a fictitious halfedge.
   * \return A halfedge whose direction is the same as e's and whose target is
   *         the split vertex v.
   */
  Halfedge* split_fictitious_edge(Halfedge* e, Vertex* v);

  /*! determines whether the given face is unbounded.
   * \param f The face.
   * \return Whether f is unbounded.
   */
  bool is_unbounded(const Face* f) const;

  /*! determines whether the given boundary vertex is redundant.
   * \param v The vertex.
   * \return Whether v is redundant, and should be erased.
   */
  bool is_redundant(const Vertex* v) const;

  /*! erases the given redundant vertex by merging a fictitious edge.
   * The function does not free the vertex v itself.
   * \param v The vertex.
   * \pre v is a redundant vertex.
   * \return One of the pair of halfedges that form the merged edge.
   */
  Halfedge* erase_redundant_vertex(Vertex* v);

  //! reference_face (const version).
  /*! returns a reference face of the arrangement.  All reference faces of
   * arrangements of the same type have a common point.
   *
   * \return A pointer to the reference face.
   */
  const Face* reference_face() const
  {
    CGAL_assertion(v_tr->halfedge()->direction() == ARR_LEFT_TO_RIGHT);
    return v_tr->halfedge()->outer_ccb()->face();
  }

  //! reference_face (non-const version).
  /*! returns a reference face of the arrangement.  All reference faces of
   * arrangements of the same type have a common point.
   *
   * \return A pointer to the reference face.
  */
  Face* reference_face()
  {
    CGAL_assertion(v_tr->halfedge()->direction() == ARR_LEFT_TO_RIGHT);
    return v_tr->halfedge()->outer_ccb()->face();
  }

  //@}

  /// \name Additional accessors, specialized for this topology-traits class.
  //@{

  /*! This function is used by the "walk" point-location strategy. */
  const Face* initial_face() const { return fict_face; }

  /*! obtains the fictitious face (const version). */
  const Face* fictitious_face() const { return fict_face; }

  /*! obtains the fictitious face (non-const version). */
  Face* fictitious_face() { return fict_face; }

  /*! obtains the bottom-left fictitious vertex (const version). */
  const Vertex* bottom_left_vertex() const { return (v_bl); }

  /*! obtains the bottom-left fictitious vertex (non-const version). */
  Vertex* bottom_left_vertex() { return (v_bl); }

  /*! obtains the top-left fictitious vertex (const version). */
  const Vertex* top_left_vertex() const { return (v_tl); }

  /*! obtains the top-left fictitious vertex (non-const version). */
  Vertex* top_left_vertex() { return (v_tl); }

  /*! obtains the bottom-right fictitious vertex (const version). */
  const Vertex* bottom_right_vertex() const { return (v_br); }

  /*! obtains the bottom-right fictitious vertex (non-const version). */
  Vertex* bottom_right_vertex() { return (v_br); }

  /*! obtains the top-right fictitious vertex (const version). */
  const Vertex* top_right_vertex() const { return (v_tr); }

  /*! obtains the top-right fictitious vertex (non-const version). */
  Vertex* top_right_vertex() { return (v_tr); }
  //@}

  /// \name Additional predicates, specialized for this topology-traits class.
  //@{

  /*! compares the given vertex (which may lie at infinity) and the given point.
   * \param p The point.
   * \param v The vertex.
   * \return The result of the comparison of the x-coordinates of p and v.
   */
  virtual Comparison_result compare_x(const Point_2& p,
                                      const Vertex* v) const;

  /*! compares the given vertex (which may lie at infinity) and the given point.
   * \param p The point.
   * \param v The vertex.
   * \return The result of the xy-lexicographic comparison of p and v.
   */
  virtual Comparison_result compare_xy(const Point_2& p,
                                       const Vertex* v) const;

  /*! compares the relative y-position of the given point and the given edge
   * (which may be fictitious).
   * \param p The point.
   * \param he The edge (one of the pair of halfedges).
   * \pre p should lie in the x-range of the given edge.
   * \return The relative y-position of the point p and the edge.
   */
  virtual Comparison_result compare_y_at_x(const Point_2& p,
                                           const Halfedge* he) const;
  //@}

protected:

  /// \name Auxiliary functions.
  //@{

  /*! obtains the curve associated with a boundary vertex.
   * \param v The vertex as infinity.
   * \param ind Output: ARR_MIN_END if the vertex is induced by the minimal end;
   *                    ARR_MAX_END if it is induced by the curve's maximal end.
   * \pre v is a valid (not fictitious) boundary.
   * \return The curve that induces v, or nullptr if v has no incident curves yet.
   */
  const X_monotone_curve_2* _curve(const Vertex* v, Arr_curve_end& ind) const;

  /*! checks whether the given infinite curve end lies on the given fictitious
   * halfedge.
   * \param cv The curve.
   * \param ind Whether we refer to the minimal or maximal end of cv.
   * \param ps_x The boundary condition of the curve end in x.
   * \param ps_y The boundary condition of the curve end in y.
   * \param he The fictitious halfedge.
   * \param eq_source Output: Whether the curve coincides with he's source.
   * \param eq_target Output: Whether the curve coincides with he's target.
   * \return Whether the curve end lies on the fictitious halfedge.
   */
  bool _is_on_fictitious_edge(const X_monotone_curve_2& cv, Arr_curve_end ind,
                               Arr_parameter_space ps_x,
                               Arr_parameter_space ps_y,
                               const Halfedge* he,
                               bool& eq_source, bool& eq_target);
  //@}
};

} // namespace CGAL

#include <CGAL/Arr_topology_traits/Arr_unb_planar_topology_traits_2_impl.h>

#include <CGAL/enable_warnings.h>

#endif
