#!/usr/bin/env python3

# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2022 James R. Barlow
# SPDX-License-Identifier: MPL-2.0
"""Extract information about the content of a PDF."""

from __future__ import annotations

import atexit
import logging
import re
import statistics
from collections import defaultdict
from collections.abc import Callable, Container, Iterable, Iterator, Mapping, Sequence
from contextlib import contextmanager, nullcontext
from decimal import Decimal
from enum import Enum, auto
from functools import partial
from math import hypot, inf, isclose
from os import PathLike
from pathlib import Path
from typing import NamedTuple
from warnings import warn

from pdfminer.layout import LTPage, LTTextBox
from pikepdf import (
    Dictionary,
    Matrix,
    Name,
    Object,
    Page,
    Pdf,
    PdfImage,
    PdfInlineImage,
    Stream,
    UnsupportedImageTypeError,
    parse_content_stream,
)

from ocrmypdf._concurrent import Executor, SerialExecutor
from ocrmypdf._progressbar import ProgressBar
from ocrmypdf.exceptions import EncryptedPdfError, InputFileError
from ocrmypdf.helpers import Resolution, available_cpu_count, pikepdf_enable_mmap
from ocrmypdf.pdfinfo.layout import (
    LTStateAwareChar,
    PdfMinerState,
    get_page_analysis,
    get_text_boxes,
)

logger = logging.getLogger()


class Colorspace(Enum):
    """Description of common image colorspaces in a PDF."""

    # pylint: disable=invalid-name
    gray = auto()
    rgb = auto()
    cmyk = auto()
    lab = auto()
    icc = auto()
    index = auto()
    sep = auto()
    devn = auto()
    pattern = auto()
    jpeg2000 = auto()


class Encoding(Enum):
    """Description of common image encodings in a PDF."""

    # pylint: disable=invalid-name
    ccitt = auto()
    jpeg = auto()
    jpeg2000 = auto()
    jbig2 = auto()
    asciihex = auto()
    ascii85 = auto()
    lzw = auto()
    flate = auto()
    runlength = auto()


FloatRect = tuple[float, float, float, float]

FRIENDLY_COLORSPACE: dict[str, Colorspace] = {
    '/DeviceGray': Colorspace.gray,
    '/CalGray': Colorspace.gray,
    '/DeviceRGB': Colorspace.rgb,
    '/CalRGB': Colorspace.rgb,
    '/DeviceCMYK': Colorspace.cmyk,
    '/Lab': Colorspace.lab,
    '/ICCBased': Colorspace.icc,
    '/Indexed': Colorspace.index,
    '/Separation': Colorspace.sep,
    '/DeviceN': Colorspace.devn,
    '/Pattern': Colorspace.pattern,
    '/G': Colorspace.gray,  # Abbreviations permitted in inline images
    '/RGB': Colorspace.rgb,
    '/CMYK': Colorspace.cmyk,
    '/I': Colorspace.index,
}

FRIENDLY_ENCODING: dict[str, Encoding] = {
    '/CCITTFaxDecode': Encoding.ccitt,
    '/DCTDecode': Encoding.jpeg,
    '/JPXDecode': Encoding.jpeg2000,
    '/JBIG2Decode': Encoding.jbig2,
    '/CCF': Encoding.ccitt,  # Abbreviations permitted in inline images
    '/DCT': Encoding.jpeg,
    '/AHx': Encoding.asciihex,
    '/A85': Encoding.ascii85,
    '/LZW': Encoding.lzw,
    '/Fl': Encoding.flate,
    '/RL': Encoding.runlength,
}

FRIENDLY_COMP: dict[Colorspace, int] = {
    Colorspace.gray: 1,
    Colorspace.rgb: 3,
    Colorspace.cmyk: 4,
    Colorspace.lab: 3,
    Colorspace.index: 1,
}


UNIT_SQUARE = (1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 0.0)


def _is_unit_square(shorthand):
    values = map(float, shorthand)
    pairwise = zip(values, UNIT_SQUARE)
    return all(isclose(a, b, rel_tol=1e-3) for a, b in pairwise)


class XobjectSettings(NamedTuple):
    """Info about an XObject found in a PDF."""

    name: str
    shorthand: tuple[float, float, float, float, float, float]
    stack_depth: int


class InlineSettings(NamedTuple):
    """Info about an inline image found in a PDF."""

    iimage: PdfInlineImage
    shorthand: tuple[float, float, float, float, float, float]
    stack_depth: int


class ContentsInfo(NamedTuple):
    """Info about various objects found in a PDF."""

    xobject_settings: list[XobjectSettings]
    inline_images: list[InlineSettings]
    found_vector: bool
    found_text: bool
    name_index: Mapping[str, list[XobjectSettings]]


class TextboxInfo(NamedTuple):
    """Info about a text box found in a PDF."""

    bbox: tuple[float, float, float, float]
    is_visible: bool
    is_corrupt: bool


class VectorMarker:
    """Sentinel indicating vector drawing operations were found on a page."""


class TextMarker:
    """Sentinel indicating text drawing operations were found on a page."""


def _normalize_stack(graphobjs):
    """Convert runs of qQ's in the stack into single graphobjs."""
    for operands, operator in graphobjs:
        operator = str(operator)
        if re.match(r'Q*q+$', operator):  # Zero or more Q, one or more q
            for char in operator:  # Split into individual
                yield ([], char)  # Yield individual
        else:
            yield (operands, operator)


def _interpret_contents(contentstream: Object, initial_shorthand=UNIT_SQUARE):
    """Interpret the PDF content stream.

    The stack represents the state of the PDF graphics stack.  We are only
    interested in the current transformation matrix (CTM) so we only track
    this object; a full implementation would need to track many other items.

    The CTM is initialized to the mapping from user space to device space.
    PDF units are 1/72".  In a PDF viewer or printer this matrix is initialized
    to the transformation to device space.  For example if set to
    (1/72, 0, 0, 1/72, 0, 0) then all units would be calculated in inches.

    Images are always considered to be (0, 0) -> (1, 1).  Before drawing an
    image there should be a 'cm' that sets up an image coordinate system
    where drawing from (0, 0) -> (1, 1) will draw on the desired area of the
    page.

    PDF units suit our needs so we initialize ctm to the identity matrix.

    According to the PDF specification, the maximum stack depth is 32. Other
    viewers tolerate some amount beyond this.  We issue a warning if the
    stack depth exceeds the spec limit and set a hard limit beyond this to
    bound our memory requirements.  If the stack underflows behavior is
    undefined in the spec, but we just pretend nothing happened and leave the
    CTM unchanged.
    """
    stack = []
    ctm = Matrix(initial_shorthand)
    xobject_settings: list[XobjectSettings] = []
    inline_images: list[InlineSettings] = []
    name_index = defaultdict(lambda: [])
    found_vector = False
    found_text = False
    vector_ops = set('S s f F f* B B* b b*'.split())
    text_showing_ops = set("""TJ Tj " '""".split())
    image_ops = set('BI ID EI q Q Do cm'.split())
    operator_whitelist = ' '.join(vector_ops | text_showing_ops | image_ops)

    for n, graphobj in enumerate(
        _normalize_stack(parse_content_stream(contentstream, operator_whitelist))
    ):
        operands, operator = graphobj
        if operator == 'q':
            stack.append(ctm)
            if len(stack) > 32:  # See docstring
                if len(stack) > 128:
                    raise RuntimeError(
                        f"PDF graphics stack overflowed hard limit at operator {n}"
                    )
                warn("PDF graphics stack overflowed spec limit")
        elif operator == 'Q':
            try:
                ctm = stack.pop()
            except IndexError:
                # Keeping the ctm the same seems to be the only sensible thing
                # to do. Just pretend nothing happened, keep calm and carry on.
                warn("PDF graphics stack underflowed - PDF may be malformed")
        elif operator == 'cm':
            try:
                ctm = Matrix(operands) @ ctm
            except ValueError:
                raise InputFileError(
                    "PDF content stream is corrupt - this PDF is malformed. "
                    "Use a PDF editor that is capable of visually inspecting the PDF."
                )
        elif operator == 'Do':
            image_name = operands[0]
            settings = XobjectSettings(
                name=image_name, shorthand=ctm.shorthand, stack_depth=len(stack)
            )
            xobject_settings.append(settings)
            name_index[str(image_name)].append(settings)
        elif operator == 'INLINE IMAGE':  # BI/ID/EI are grouped into this
            iimage = operands[0]
            inline = InlineSettings(
                iimage=iimage, shorthand=ctm.shorthand, stack_depth=len(stack)
            )
            inline_images.append(inline)
        elif operator in vector_ops:
            found_vector = True
        elif operator in text_showing_ops:
            found_text = True

    return ContentsInfo(
        xobject_settings=xobject_settings,
        inline_images=inline_images,
        found_vector=found_vector,
        found_text=found_text,
        name_index=name_index,
    )


def _get_dpi(ctm_shorthand, image_size) -> Resolution:
    """Given the transformation matrix and image size, find the image DPI.

    PDFs do not include image resolution information within image data.
    Instead, the PDF page content stream describes the location where the
    image will be rasterized, and the effective resolution is the ratio of the
    pixel size to raster target size.

    Normally a scanned PDF has the paper size set appropriately but this is
    not guaranteed. The most common case is a cropped image will change the
    page size (/CropBox) without altering the page content stream. That means
    it is not sufficient to assume that the image fills the page, even though
    that is the most common case.

    A PDF image may be scaled (always), cropped, translated, rotated in place
    to an arbitrary angle (rarely) and skewed. Only equal area mappings can
    be expressed, that is, it is not necessary to consider distortions where
    the effective DPI varies with position.

    To determine the image scale, transform an offset axis vector v0 (0, 0),
    width-axis vector v0 (1, 0), height-axis vector vh (0, 1) with the matrix,
    which gives the dimensions of the image in PDF units. From there we can
    compare to actual image dimensions. PDF uses
    row vector * matrix_transposed unlike the traditional
    matrix * column vector.

    The offset, width and height vectors can be combined in a matrix and
    multiplied by the transform matrix. Then we want to calculated
        magnitude(width_vector - offset_vector)
    and
        magnitude(height_vector - offset_vector)

    When the above is worked out algebraically, the effect of translation
    cancels out, and the vector magnitudes become functions of the nonzero
    transformation matrix indices. The results of the derivation are used
    in this code.

    pdfimages -list does calculate the DPI in some way that is not completely
    naive, but it does not get the DPI of rotated images right, so cannot be
    used anymore to validate this. Photoshop works, or using Acrobat to
    rotate the image back to normal.

    It does not matter if the image is partially cropped, or even out of the
    /MediaBox.

    """
    a, b, c, d, _, _ = ctm_shorthand  # pylint: disable=invalid-name

    # Calculate the width and height of the image in PDF units
    image_drawn = hypot(a, b), hypot(c, d)

    def calc(drawn, pixels, inches_per_pt=72.0):
        # The scale of the image is pixels per unit of default user space (1/72")
        scale = pixels / drawn if drawn != 0 else inf
        dpi = scale * inches_per_pt
        return dpi

    dpi_w, dpi_h = (calc(image_drawn[n], image_size[n]) for n in range(2))
    return Resolution(dpi_w, dpi_h)


class ImageInfo:
    """Information about an image found in a PDF.

    This gathers information from pikepdf and pdfminer.six, and is pickle-able
    so that it can be passed to a worker process, unlike objects from those
    libraries.
    """

    DPI_PREC = Decimal('1.000')

    _comp: int | None
    _name: str

    def __init__(
        self,
        *,
        name='',
        pdfimage: Object | None = None,
        inline: PdfInlineImage | None = None,
        shorthand=None,
    ):
        """Initialize an ImageInfo."""
        self._name = str(name)
        self._shorthand = shorthand

        pim: PdfInlineImage | PdfImage

        if inline is not None:
            self._origin = 'inline'
            pim = inline
        elif pdfimage is not None and isinstance(pdfimage, Stream):
            self._origin = 'xobject'
            pim = PdfImage(pdfimage)
        else:
            raise ValueError("Either pdfimage or inline must be set")

        self._width = pim.width
        self._height = pim.height
        if (smask := pim.obj.get(Name.SMask, None)) is not None:
            # SMask is pretty much an alpha channel, but in PDF it's possible
            # for channel to have different dimensions than the image
            # itself. Some PDF writers use this to create a grayscale stencil
            # mask. For our purposes, the effective size is the size of the
            # larger component (image or smask).
            if isinstance(smask, Stream | Dictionary):
                self._width = max(smask.get(Name.Width, 0), self._width)
                self._height = max(smask.get(Name.Height, 0), self._height)
        if (mask := pim.obj.get(Name.Mask, None)) is not None:
            # If the image has a /Mask entry, it has an explicit mask.
            # /Mask can be a Stream or an Array. If it's a Stream,
            # use its /Width and /Height if they are larger than the main
            # image's.
            if isinstance(mask, Stream | Dictionary):
                self._width = max(mask.get(Name.Width, 0), self._width)
                self._height = max(mask.get(Name.Height, 0), self._height)

        # If /ImageMask is true, then this image is a stencil mask
        # (Images that draw with this stencil mask will have a reference to
        # it in their /Mask, but we don't actually need that information)
        if pim.image_mask:
            self._type = 'stencil'
        else:
            self._type = 'image'

        self._bpc = int(pim.bits_per_component)
        try:
            self._enc = FRIENDLY_ENCODING.get(pim.filters[0])
        except IndexError:
            self._enc = None

        try:
            self._color = FRIENDLY_COLORSPACE.get(pim.colorspace or '')
        except NotImplementedError:
            self._color = None
        if self._enc == Encoding.jpeg2000:
            self._color = Colorspace.jpeg2000

        self._comp = None
        if self._color == Colorspace.icc and isinstance(pim, PdfImage):
            self._comp = self._init_icc(pim)
        else:
            if isinstance(self._color, Colorspace):
                self._comp = FRIENDLY_COMP.get(self._color)
            # Bit of a hack... infer grayscale if component count is uncertain
            # but encoding only supports monochrome.
            if self._comp is None and self._enc in (Encoding.ccitt, Encoding.jbig2):
                self._comp = FRIENDLY_COMP[Colorspace.gray]

    def _init_icc(self, pim: PdfImage):
        try:
            icc = pim.icc
        except UnsupportedImageTypeError as e:
            logger.warning(
                f"An image with a corrupt or unreadable ICC profile was found. "
                f"Output PDF may not match the input PDF visually: {e}. {self}"
            )
            return None
        # Check the ICC profile to determine actual colorspace
        if icc is None or not hasattr(icc, 'profile'):
            logger.warning(
                f"An image with an ICC profile but no ICC profile data was found. "
                f"The output PDF may not match the input PDF visually. {self}"
            )
            return None
        try:
            if icc.profile.xcolor_space == 'GRAY':
                return 1
            elif icc.profile.xcolor_space == 'CMYK':
                return 4
            else:
                return 3
        except AttributeError:
            return None

    @property
    def name(self):
        """Name of the image as it appears in the PDF."""
        return self._name

    @property
    def type_(self):
        """Type of image, either 'image' or 'stencil'."""
        return self._type

    @property
    def width(self) -> int:
        """Width of the image in pixels."""
        return self._width

    @property
    def height(self) -> int:
        """Height of the image in pixels."""
        return self._height

    @property
    def bpc(self):
        """Bits per component."""
        return self._bpc

    @property
    def color(self):
        """Colorspace of the image."""
        return self._color if self._color is not None else '?'

    @property
    def comp(self):
        """Number of components/channels in the image."""
        return self._comp if self._comp is not None else '?'

    @property
    def enc(self):
        """Encoding of the image."""
        return self._enc if self._enc is not None else 'image'

    @property
    def renderable(self) -> bool:
        """Whether the image is renderable.

        Some PDFs in the wild have invalid images that are not renderable,
        due to unusual dimensions.

        Stencil masks are not also not renderable, since they are not
        drawn, but rather they control how rendering happens.
        """
        return (
            self.dpi.is_finite
            and self.width >= 0
            and self.height >= 0
            and self.type_ != 'stencil'
        )

    @property
    def dpi(self) -> Resolution:
        """Dots per inch of the image.

        Calculated based on where and how the image is drawn in the PDF.
        """
        return _get_dpi(self._shorthand, (self._width, self._height))

    @property
    def printed_area(self) -> float:
        """Physical area of the image in square inches."""
        if not self.renderable:
            return 0.0
        return float((self.width / self.dpi.x) * (self.height / self.dpi.y))

    def __repr__(self):
        """Return a string representation of the image."""
        return (
            f"<ImageInfo '{self.name}' {self.type_} {self.width}×{self.height} "
            f"{self.color} {self.comp} {self.bpc} {self.enc} {self.dpi}>"
        )


def _find_inline_images(contentsinfo: ContentsInfo) -> Iterator[ImageInfo]:
    """Find inline images in the contentstream."""
    for n, inline in enumerate(contentsinfo.inline_images):
        yield ImageInfo(
            name=f'inline-{n:02d}', shorthand=inline.shorthand, inline=inline.iimage
        )


def _image_xobjects(container) -> Iterator[tuple[Object, str]]:
    """Search for all XObject-based images in the container.

    Usually the container is a page, but it could also be a Form XObject
    that contains images. Filter out the Form XObjects which are dealt with
    elsewhere.

    Generate a sequence of tuples (image, xobj container), where container,
    where xobj is the name of the object and image is the object itself,
    since the object does not know its own name.

    """
    if Name.Resources not in container:
        return
    resources = container[Name.Resources]
    if Name.XObject not in resources:
        return
    for key, candidate in resources[Name.XObject].items():
        if candidate is None or Name.Subtype not in candidate:
            continue
        if candidate[Name.Subtype] == Name.Image:
            pdfimage = candidate
            yield (pdfimage, key)


def _find_regular_images(
    container: Object, contentsinfo: ContentsInfo
) -> Iterator[ImageInfo]:
    """Find images stored in the container's /Resources /XObject.

    Usually the container is a page, but it could also be a Form XObject
    that contains images.

    Generates images with their DPI at time of drawing.
    """
    for pdfimage, xobj in _image_xobjects(container):
        if xobj not in contentsinfo.name_index:
            continue
        for draw in contentsinfo.name_index[xobj]:
            if draw.stack_depth == 0 and _is_unit_square(draw.shorthand):
                # At least one PDF in the wild (and test suite) draws an image
                # when the graphics stack depth is 0, meaning that the image
                # gets drawn into a square of 1x1 PDF units (or 1/72",
                # or 0.35 mm).  The equivalent DPI will be >100,000.  Exclude
                # these from our DPI calculation for the page.
                continue

            yield ImageInfo(name=draw.name, pdfimage=pdfimage, shorthand=draw.shorthand)


def _find_form_xobject_images(pdf: Pdf, container: Object, contentsinfo: ContentsInfo):
    """Find any images that are in Form XObjects in the container.

    The container may be a page, or a parent Form XObject.

    """
    if Name.Resources not in container:
        return
    resources = container[Name.Resources]
    if Name.XObject not in resources:
        return
    xobjs = resources[Name.XObject].as_dict()
    for xobj in xobjs:
        candidate = xobjs[xobj]
        if candidate is None or candidate.get(Name.Subtype) != Name.Form:
            continue

        form_xobject = candidate
        for settings in contentsinfo.xobject_settings:
            if settings.name != xobj:
                continue

            # Find images once for each time this Form XObject is drawn.
            # This could be optimized to cache the multiple drawing events
            # but in practice both Form XObjects and multiple drawing of the
            # same object are both very rare.
            ctm_shorthand = settings.shorthand
            yield from _process_content_streams(
                pdf=pdf, container=form_xobject, shorthand=ctm_shorthand
            )


def _process_content_streams(
    *, pdf: Pdf, container: Object, shorthand=None
) -> Iterator[VectorMarker | TextMarker | ImageInfo]:
    """Find all individual instances of images drawn in the container.

    Usually the container is a page, but it may also be a Form XObject.

    On a typical page images are stored inline or as regular images
    in an XObject.

    Form XObjects may include inline images, XObject images,
    and recursively, other Form XObjects; and also vector graphic objects.

    Every instance of an image being drawn somewhere is flattened and
    treated as a unique image, since if the same image is drawn multiple times
    on one page it may be drawn at differing resolutions, and our objective
    is to find the resolution at which the page can be rastered without
    downsampling.

    """
    if container.get(Name.Type) == Name.Page and Name.Contents in container:
        initial_shorthand = shorthand or UNIT_SQUARE
    elif (
        container.get(Name.Type) == Name.XObject
        and container[Name.Subtype] == Name.Form
    ):
        # Set the CTM to the state it was when the "Do" operator was
        # encountered that is drawing this instance of the Form XObject
        ctm = Matrix(shorthand) if shorthand else Matrix()

        # A Form XObject may provide its own matrix to map form space into
        # user space. Get this if one exists
        form_shorthand = container.get(Name.Matrix, Matrix())
        form_matrix = Matrix(form_shorthand)

        # Concatenate form matrix with CTM to ensure CTM is correct for
        # drawing this instance of the XObject
        ctm = form_matrix @ ctm
        initial_shorthand = ctm.shorthand
    else:
        return

    contentsinfo = _interpret_contents(container, initial_shorthand)

    if contentsinfo.found_vector:
        yield VectorMarker()
    if contentsinfo.found_text:
        yield TextMarker()
    yield from _find_inline_images(contentsinfo)
    yield from _find_regular_images(container, contentsinfo)
    yield from _find_form_xobject_images(pdf, container, contentsinfo)


def _page_has_text(text_blocks: Iterable[FloatRect], page_width, page_height) -> bool:
    """Smarter text detection that ignores text in margins."""
    pw, ph = float(page_width), float(page_height)  # pylint: disable=invalid-name

    margin_ratio = 0.125
    interior_bbox = (
        margin_ratio * pw,  # left
        (1 - margin_ratio) * ph,  # top
        (1 - margin_ratio) * pw,  # right
        margin_ratio * ph,  # bottom  (first quadrant: bottom < top)
    )

    def rects_intersect(a: FloatRect, b: FloatRect) -> bool:
        """Check if two 4-tuple rects intersect.

        Where (a,b) are 4-tuple rects (left-0, top-1, right-2, bottom-3)
        https://stackoverflow.com/questions/306316/determine-if-two-rectangles-overlap-each-other
        Formula assumes all boxes are in first quadrant.
        """
        return a[0] < b[2] and a[2] > b[0] and a[1] > b[3] and a[3] < b[1]

    has_text = False
    for bbox in text_blocks:
        if rects_intersect(bbox, interior_bbox):
            has_text = True
            break
    return has_text


def simplify_textboxes(
    miner_page: LTPage, textbox_getter: Callable[[LTPage], Iterator[LTTextBox]]
) -> Iterator[TextboxInfo]:
    """Extract only limited content from text boxes.

    We do this to save memory and ensure that our objects are pickleable.
    """
    for box in textbox_getter(miner_page):
        first_line = box._objs[0]  # pylint: disable=protected-access
        first_char = first_line._objs[0]  # pylint: disable=protected-access
        if not isinstance(first_char, LTStateAwareChar):
            continue
        visible = first_char.rendermode != 3
        corrupt = first_char.get_text() == '\ufffd'
        yield TextboxInfo(box.bbox, visible, corrupt)


worker_pdf = None  # pylint: disable=invalid-name


def _pdf_pageinfo_sync_init(pdf: Pdf, infile: Path, pdfminer_loglevel):
    global worker_pdf  # pylint: disable=global-statement,invalid-name
    pikepdf_enable_mmap()

    logging.getLogger('pdfminer').setLevel(pdfminer_loglevel)

    # If the pdf is not opened, open a copy for our worker process to use
    if pdf is None:
        worker_pdf = Pdf.open(infile)

        def on_process_close():
            worker_pdf.close()

        # Close when this process exits
        atexit.register(on_process_close)


@contextmanager
def _pdf_pageinfo_sync_pdf(thread_pdf: Pdf | None, infile: Path):
    if thread_pdf is not None:
        yield thread_pdf
    elif worker_pdf is not None:
        yield worker_pdf
    else:
        with Pdf.open(infile) as pdf:
            yield pdf


def _pdf_pageinfo_sync(
    pageno: int,
    thread_pdf: Pdf | None,
    infile: Path,
    check_pages: Container[int],
    detailed_analysis: bool,
    miner_state: PdfMinerState | None,
) -> PageInfo:
    with _pdf_pageinfo_sync_pdf(thread_pdf, infile) as pdf:
        return PageInfo(
            pdf, pageno, infile, check_pages, detailed_analysis, miner_state
        )


def _pdf_pageinfo_concurrent(
    pdf,
    executor: Executor,
    max_workers: int,
    use_threads: bool,
    infile,
    progbar,
    check_pages,
    detailed_analysis: bool = False,
    miner_state: PdfMinerState | None = None,
) -> Sequence[PageInfo | None]:
    pages: list[PageInfo | None] = [None] * len(pdf.pages)

    def update_pageinfo(page: PageInfo, pbar: ProgressBar):
        if not page:
            raise InputFileError("Could read a page in the PDF")
        pages[page.pageno] = page
        pbar.update()

    if max_workers is None:
        max_workers = available_cpu_count()

    total = len(pdf.pages)

    n_workers = min(1 + len(pages) // 4, max_workers)
    if n_workers == 1:
        # If we decided on only one worker, there is no point in using
        # a separate process.
        use_threads = True

    if use_threads and n_workers > 1:
        # If we are using threads, there is no point in using more than one
        # worker thread - they will just fight over the GIL.
        n_workers = 1

    # If we use a thread, we can pass the already-open Pdf for them to use
    # If we use processes, we pass a None which tells the init function to open its
    # own
    initial_pdf = pdf if use_threads else None

    contexts = (
        (n, initial_pdf, infile, check_pages, detailed_analysis, miner_state)
        for n in range(total)
    )
    assert n_workers == 1 if use_threads else n_workers >= 1, "Not multithreadable"
    logger.debug(
        f"Gathering info with {n_workers} "
        + ('thread' if use_threads else 'process')
        + " workers"
    )
    executor(
        use_threads=use_threads,
        max_workers=n_workers,
        progress_kwargs=dict(
            total=total, desc="Scanning contents", unit='page', disable=not progbar
        ),
        worker_initializer=partial(
            _pdf_pageinfo_sync_init,
            initial_pdf,
            infile,
            logging.getLogger('pdfminer').level,
        ),
        task=_pdf_pageinfo_sync,
        task_arguments=contexts,
        task_finished=update_pageinfo,
    )
    return pages


class PageResolutionProfile(NamedTuple):
    """Information about the resolutions of a page."""

    weighted_dpi: float
    """The weighted average DPI of the page, weighted by the area of each image."""

    max_dpi: float
    """The maximum DPI of an image on the page."""

    average_to_max_dpi_ratio: float
    """The average DPI of the page divided by the maximum DPI of the page.

    This indicates the intensity of the resolution variation on the page.

    If the average is 1.0 or close to 1.0, has all of its content at a uniform
    resolution. If the average is much lower than 1.0, some content is at a
    higher resolution than the rest of the page.
    """

    area_ratio: float
    """The maximum-DPI area of the page divided by the total drawn area.

    This indicates the prevalence of high-resolution content on the page.
    """


class PageInfo:
    """Information about type of contents on each page in a PDF."""

    _has_text: bool | None
    _has_vector: bool | None
    _images: list[ImageInfo] = []

    def __init__(
        self,
        pdf: Pdf,
        pageno: int,
        infile: PathLike,
        check_pages: Container[int],
        detailed_analysis: bool = False,
        miner_state: PdfMinerState | None = None,
    ):
        """Initialize a PageInfo object."""
        self._pageno = pageno
        self._infile = infile
        self._detailed_analysis = detailed_analysis
        self._gather_pageinfo(
            pdf, pageno, infile, check_pages, detailed_analysis, miner_state
        )

    def _gather_pageinfo(
        self,
        pdf: Pdf,
        pageno: int,
        infile: PathLike,
        check_pages: Container[int],
        detailed_analysis: bool,
        miner_state: PdfMinerState | None,
    ):
        page: Page = pdf.pages[pageno]
        mediabox = [Decimal(d) for d in page.mediabox.as_list()]
        width_pt = mediabox[2] - mediabox[0]
        height_pt = mediabox[3] - mediabox[1]

        self._artbox = [float(d) for d in page.artbox.as_list()]
        self._bleedbox = [float(d) for d in page.bleedbox.as_list()]
        self._cropbox = [float(d) for d in page.cropbox.as_list()]
        self._mediabox = [float(d) for d in page.mediabox.as_list()]
        self._trimbox = [float(d) for d in page.trimbox.as_list()]

        check_this_page = pageno in check_pages

        if check_this_page and detailed_analysis:
            page_analysis = miner_state.get_page_analysis(pageno)
            if page_analysis is not None:
                self._textboxes = list(
                    simplify_textboxes(page_analysis, get_text_boxes)
                )
            else:
                self._textboxes = []
            bboxes = (box.bbox for box in self._textboxes)

            self._has_text = _page_has_text(bboxes, width_pt, height_pt)
        else:
            self._textboxes = []
            self._has_text = None  # i.e. "no information"

        userunit = page.get(Name.UserUnit, Decimal(1.0))
        if not isinstance(userunit, Decimal):
            userunit = Decimal(userunit)
        self._userunit = userunit
        self._width_inches = width_pt * userunit / Decimal(72.0)
        self._height_inches = height_pt * userunit / Decimal(72.0)
        self._rotate = int(getattr(page.obj, 'Rotate', 0))

        userunit_shorthand = (userunit, 0, 0, userunit, 0, 0)

        if check_this_page:
            self._has_vector = False
            self._has_text = False
            self._images = []
            for info in _process_content_streams(
                pdf=pdf, container=page, shorthand=userunit_shorthand
            ):
                if isinstance(info, VectorMarker):
                    self._has_vector = True
                elif isinstance(info, TextMarker):
                    self._has_text = True
                elif isinstance(info, ImageInfo):
                    self._images.append(info)
                else:
                    raise NotImplementedError()
        else:
            self._has_vector = None  # i.e. "no information"
            self._has_text = None
            self._images = []

        self._dpi = None
        if self._images:
            dpi = Resolution(0.0, 0.0).take_max(
                image.dpi for image in self._images if image.renderable
            )
            self._dpi = dpi
            self._width_pixels = int(round(dpi.x * float(self._width_inches)))
            self._height_pixels = int(round(dpi.y * float(self._height_inches)))

    @property
    def pageno(self) -> int:
        """Return page number (0-based)."""
        return self._pageno

    @property
    def has_text(self) -> bool:
        """Return True if page has text, False if not or unknown."""
        return bool(self._has_text)

    @property
    def has_corrupt_text(self) -> bool:
        """Return True if page has corrupt text, False if not or unknown."""
        if not self._detailed_analysis:
            raise NotImplementedError('Did not do detailed analysis')
        return any(tbox.is_corrupt for tbox in self._textboxes)

    @property
    def has_vector(self) -> bool:
        """Return True if page has vector graphics, False if not or unknown.

        Vector graphics are sometimes used to draw fonts, so it may not be
        obvious on visual inspection whether a page has text or not.
        """
        return bool(self._has_vector)

    @property
    def width_inches(self) -> Decimal:
        """Return width of page in inches."""
        return self._width_inches

    @property
    def height_inches(self) -> Decimal:
        """Return height of page in inches."""
        return self._height_inches

    @property
    def width_pixels(self) -> int:
        """Return width of page in pixels."""
        return int(round(float(self.width_inches) * self.dpi.x))

    @property
    def height_pixels(self) -> int:
        """Return height of page in pixels."""
        return int(round(float(self.height_inches) * self.dpi.y))

    @property
    def rotation(self) -> int:
        """Return rotation of page in degrees.

        Will only be a multiple of 90.
        """
        return self._rotate

    @rotation.setter
    def rotation(self, value):
        if value in (0, 90, 180, 270, 360, -90, -180, -270):
            self._rotate = value
        else:
            raise ValueError("rotation must be a cardinal angle")

    @property
    def cropbox(self) -> FloatRect:
        """Return cropbox of page in PDF coordinates."""
        return self._cropbox

    @property
    def mediabox(self) -> FloatRect:
        """Return mediabox of page in PDF coordinates."""
        return self._mediabox

    @property
    def trimbox(self) -> FloatRect:
        """Return trimbox of page in PDF coordinates."""
        return self._trimbox

    @property
    def artbox(self) -> FloatRect:
        """Return artbox of page in PDF coordinates."""
        return self._artbox

    @property
    def bleedbox(self) -> FloatRect:
        """Return bleedbox of page in PDF coordinates."""
        return self._bleedbox

    @property
    def images(self) -> list[ImageInfo]:
        """Return images."""
        return self._images

    def get_textareas(self, visible: bool | None = None, corrupt: bool | None = None):
        """Return textareas bounding boxes in PDF coordinates on the page."""

        def predicate(
            obj: TextboxInfo, want_visible: bool | None, want_corrupt: bool | None
        ) -> bool:
            result = True
            if want_visible is not None:
                if obj.is_visible != want_visible:
                    result = False
            if want_corrupt is not None:
                if obj.is_corrupt != want_corrupt:
                    result = False
            return result

        if not self._textboxes:
            if visible is not None and corrupt is not None:
                raise NotImplementedError('Incomplete information on textboxes')
            return self._textboxes

        return (obj.bbox for obj in self._textboxes if predicate(obj, visible, corrupt))

    @property
    def dpi(self) -> Resolution:
        """Return DPI needed to render all images on the page."""
        if self._dpi is None:
            return Resolution(0.0, 0.0)
        return self._dpi

    @property
    def userunit(self) -> Decimal:
        """Return user unit of page."""
        return self._userunit

    @property
    def min_version(self) -> str:
        """Return minimum PDF version needed to render this page."""
        if self.userunit is not None:
            return '1.6'
        else:
            return '1.5'

    def page_dpi_profile(self) -> PageResolutionProfile | None:
        """Return information about the DPIs of the page.

        This is useful to detect pages with a small proportion of high-resolution
        content that is forcing us to use a high DPI for the whole page. The ratio
        is weighted by the area of each image. If images overlap, the overlapped
        area counts.

        Vector graphics and text are ignored.

        Returns None if there is no meaningful DPI for the page.
        """
        image_dpis = []
        image_areas = []
        for image in self._images:
            if not image.renderable:
                continue
            image_dpis.append(image.dpi.to_scalar())
            image_areas.append(image.printed_area)

        total_drawn_area = sum(image_areas)
        if total_drawn_area == 0:
            return None

        weights = [area / total_drawn_area for area in image_areas]
        # Calculate harmonic mean of DPIs weighted by area
        weighted_dpi = statistics.harmonic_mean(image_dpis, weights)
        max_dpi = max(image_dpis)
        dpi_average_max_ratio = weighted_dpi / max_dpi

        arg_max_dpi = image_dpis.index(max_dpi)
        max_area_ratio = image_areas[arg_max_dpi] / total_drawn_area
        return PageResolutionProfile(
            weighted_dpi,
            max_dpi,
            dpi_average_max_ratio,
            max_area_ratio,
        )

    def __repr__(self):
        """Return string representation."""
        return (
            f'<PageInfo '
            f'pageno={self.pageno} {self.width_inches}"x{self.height_inches}" '
            f'rotation={self.rotation} dpi={self.dpi} has_text={self.has_text}>'
        )


DEFAULT_EXECUTOR = SerialExecutor()


class PdfInfo:
    """Extract summary information about a PDF without retaining the PDF itself.

    Crucially this lets us get the information in a pure Python format so that
    it can be pickled and passed to a worker process.
    """

    _has_acroform: bool = False
    _has_signature: bool = False
    _needs_rendering: bool = False

    def __init__(
        self,
        infile: Path,
        *,
        detailed_analysis: bool = False,
        progbar: bool = False,
        max_workers: int | None = None,
        use_threads: bool = True,
        check_pages=None,
        executor: Executor = DEFAULT_EXECUTOR,
    ):
        """Initialize."""
        self._infile = infile
        if check_pages is None:
            check_pages = range(0, 1_000_000_000)

        with Pdf.open(infile) as pdf:
            if pdf.is_encrypted:
                raise EncryptedPdfError()  # Triggered by encryption with empty passwd
            pscript5_mode = str(pdf.docinfo.get(Name.Creator, "")).startswith(
                'PScript5'
            )
            self._miner_state = (
                PdfMinerState(infile, pscript5_mode)
                if detailed_analysis
                else nullcontext()
            )
            with self._miner_state as miner_state:
                self._pages = _pdf_pageinfo_concurrent(
                    pdf,
                    executor,
                    max_workers,
                    use_threads,
                    infile,
                    progbar,
                    check_pages=check_pages,
                    detailed_analysis=detailed_analysis,
                    miner_state=miner_state,
                )
            self._needs_rendering = pdf.Root.get(Name.NeedsRendering, False)
            if Name.AcroForm in pdf.Root:
                if len(pdf.Root.AcroForm.get(Name.Fields, [])) > 0:
                    self._has_acroform = True
                elif Name.XFA in pdf.Root.AcroForm:
                    self._has_acroform = True
                self._has_signature = bool(pdf.Root.AcroForm.get(Name.SigFlags, 0) & 1)
            self._is_tagged = bool(
                pdf.Root.get(Name.MarkInfo, {}).get(Name.Marked, False)
            )

    @property
    def pages(self) -> Sequence[PageInfo | None]:
        """Return list of PageInfo objects, one per page in the PDF."""
        return self._pages

    @property
    def min_version(self) -> str:
        """Return minimum PDF version needed to render this PDF."""
        # The minimum PDF is the maximum version that any particular page needs
        return max(page.min_version for page in self.pages if page)

    @property
    def has_userunit(self) -> bool:
        """Return True if any page has a user unit."""
        return any(page.userunit != 1.0 for page in self.pages if page)

    @property
    def has_acroform(self) -> bool:
        """Return True if the document catalog has an AcroForm."""
        return self._has_acroform

    @property
    def has_signature(self) -> bool:
        """Return True if the document annotations has a digital signature."""
        return self._has_signature

    @property
    def is_tagged(self) -> bool:
        """Return True if the document catalog indicates this is a Tagged PDF."""
        return self._is_tagged

    @property
    def filename(self) -> str | Path:
        """Return filename of PDF."""
        if not isinstance(self._infile, str | Path):
            raise NotImplementedError("can't get filename from stream")
        return self._infile

    @property
    def needs_rendering(self) -> bool:
        """Return True if PDF contains XFA forms.

        XFA forms are not supported by most standard PDF renderers, so we
        need to detect and suppress them.
        """
        return self._needs_rendering

    def __getitem__(self, item) -> PageInfo:
        """Return PageInfo object for page number `item`."""
        return self._pages[item]

    def __len__(self):
        """Return number of pages in PDF."""
        return len(self._pages)

    def __repr__(self):
        """Return string representation."""
        return f"<PdfInfo('...'), page count={len(self)}>"


def main():  # pragma: no cover
    """Run as a script."""
    import argparse  # pylint: disable=import-outside-toplevel
    from pprint import pprint  # pylint: disable=import-outside-toplevel

    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
    parser.add_argument('infile')
    args = parser.parse_args()
    pdfinfo = PdfInfo(args.infile)

    pprint(pdfinfo)
    for page in pdfinfo.pages:
        pprint(page)
        for im in page.images:
            pprint(im)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()
